Not long after Patay, and the capture of the English-held cities along the Loire
River, Joan had finally convinced Charles to take his rightful place as King.
Joan, along with a small army of French soldiers escorted Charles to the
Cathedral at Reims, which thankfully was left undamaged during the battle
against the three cities along the Loire.
Joan of Arc stood besides Charles
VII at his coronation on July 17, 1429 as the crown was given to him to take his
rightful place as King of France. A glorious celebration had followed soon
afterwards; virtually everyone was out in the streets long into the night,
fireworks were launched in all directions into the sky and the sheer sound from
peoples cry of happiness could be heard for miles.
Following their new success Joan rallied the French army to prepare to march
on Paris, which had previously been captured by Burgundy after they had arranged
the assassination of Duke John the Fearless in 1419 only a few years before,
which was then reinforced by the English to help hold the stronghold position
which gave a direct access all across France.
The reason for the sudden alliance with the English re-enforcing Rouen was
because of their recent campaigns at Normandy where they captured Caen in 1417,
and Rouen in 1419 making Normandy English for the first time in two centuries.
Joan and her Army matched on the capital in September of 1429 expecting a
relief force to come from the river sent by Charles.
She lay siege to the city for many days, continuing to wait for the
reinforcements .. reinforcements that never arrived, at least not in the
promised quantity with no reason given. She continued to fight and even despite
a crossbow bolt hitting her in the leg refused to leave the battle and continue
to order the troops until the days end.
The king's advisors had managed to convince Charles that the siege was doomed
to fail,
where in fact all they did was whisper rumour and lies into the kings ears - the
following morning after the reinforcements
failed to arrive Joan received a royal order to withdraw from the battle.
The next year in May of 1430 following the unsuccessful siege of Paris Joan
took her remaining army to relieve a siege at Compiègne by a combined English-Burgundian
Army. During one of the many skirmishes during the siege heavily outnumbered
Joan ordered a retreat back behind the walls of the town and following a call of
honour she would be the last to leave the battlefield. The Bulgarians took
advantage of this however and surrounded the rear guard, knocking Joan from her
horse in the process and dragging her away from the field. All anyone could do
is stare, locked in behind Compiègne's Walls, knowing if they had left they
would simply be slaughtered by the combined army.
It was customary for a captive's
family to ransom a prisoner of war, however Joan and her family lacked the
financial resources do pay for her to be released. Many historians even blame
the lack of action from Charles VII for failing to pay for her bail, however his
advisors; practically that of Georges de la Trémoille who has always been viewed
as one who put his own advancement ahead of what was best for the country, and
often undermined both Joan and Richemont, the two best commanders of the French
Army.
Not long after her capture Joan had attempted several times to escape,
including on one occasion jumping from her 70 foot high tower in Vermandois to
the soft earth of a dry moat, only to be re-captured shortly after due to having
to recover.
Later she was moved to the Burgundian town of Arras, and placed under heavy
guard until later been sold to the English.
The English were eager to not only break, but completely destroy her
influence, and thus damage the French Morale.
Joan was trialled for heresy and witchcraft before Pierre Cauchon and other
French clerics who supported the English.
Probably her most serious crime was the claim of direct inspiration from God;
When asked if she knew she was in God's grace,
she answered: 'If I am not, may God put me there; and if I am, may God so keep
me.' The question was a scholarly trap.
Church doctrine held that no one could be certain of being in God's grace. If
she had answered yes, then she would have convicted herself of
heresy. If she had answered no, then she would have confessed her own guilt.
In the eyes of the court this refusal to accept the church hierarchy
constituted heresy.
Throughout the lengthy trial and imprisonment she bravely fought her
inquisitors.
Only at the end of the trial, when Joan was sentenced to be turned over to a
secular court, did she recant.
She was condemned to life imprisonment, in which under
Inquisitorial guidelines, Joan should have been confined to an
ecclesiastical prison under the supervision of female guards but instead,
the English kept her in a secular prison guarded by their own soldiers where she
was also forced to wear female clothing, rather then her traditional male
appearance.
But shortly afterwards, however, she retracted her abjuration and continued to
wear males clothes, possibly because her dress was stolen and was turned over to
the secular court as a relapsed heretic, and was burned at the stake on May 30,
1431.
Eyewitnesses described the scene of the execution: Tied to a tall pillar, she
asked two of the clergy, Martin Ladvenu and Isambart de la Pierre, to hold a crucifix
before her. A peasant also constructed a small cross which she
put in the front of her dress.
After Joan expired, the English raked back the coals to expose her charred body
so that no one could claim she had escaped alive, then burned the body twice
more to reduce it to ashes and prevent any collection of relics.
Her death did not lower French morale however, in fact that morale stayed
strong and the French fought even harder for their homeland, and for Joan who
had inspired their fight back against the English in the first place.
Joan of Arc had joined the French Army only at the age of Seventeen, and died
at the age of Nineteen, perhaps the youngest person in history to be given the
command of an entire countries army and who won several large battles, and small
skirmishes.
Only after the lengthy war had finally came to an end did Charles VII make tardy
recognition of her services during the nullification trial in 1452 which Pope
Callixtus III authorized at the request of Inquisitor-General Jean Brehal and
Joan's mother Isabelle Romée.
The aim was to investigate whether the trial of condemnation and its
verdict had been handled justly and according to canon law. Brehal drew up his
final summary in June 1456, which described Joan as a martyr and implicates the
late Pierre Cauchon with heresy for having convicted an innocent woman in
pursuit of a
secular vendetta.
The court declared her innocence on 7 July 1456.
The term Martyr typically refers to that of a witness, however since Joan
herself was the one been trialled that expression seemed a rather unusual
description, unless referring to the implication of Pierre Cauchon.
Nevertheless, in recent years Joan of Arc has become a more widely known name
across Europe.
In 1909 the Church officially beatified her name, recognising her ascension to
heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who prayed in her
name. Only eleven years after she was canonized and recognized as a Saint by
Pope Benedict XV.
Many with an affiliation of French Culture also feast on May 30th of every year
to celebrate her as a saint.